Opinion: The Physics Behind the Spanish Blackout

June 4, 2025

When a grid failure plunged 55 million people in Spain and Portugal into darkness at the end of April, it should have been a wake-up call on green energy. Climate activists promised that solar and wind power were the future of cheap, dependable electricity. The massive half-day blackout shows otherwise. The nature of solar and wind generation makes grids that rely on them more prone to collapse—an issue that’s particularly expensive to ameliorate.

epa12061256 A person rides an electric scooter along the almost empty Gran Via street during a power outage, in central Madrid, Spain, 28 April 2025. A power blackout hit large parts of Spain and spread to neighbouring Portugal and France, disrupting transport systems, internet connections and daily life, according to authorities. The exact cause of the outage is unknown. EPA-EFE/BORJA SANCHEZ-TRILLO